EMF Pollution in the Home

We live our lives literally adrift in a sea of electromagnetic pollution. Most people are aware of the health risks posed by cell phone towers and high-tension power lines. However, very few actually take the time to consider the risks from EMFs created inside the home by house wiring and common household appliances. These days, our homes are filled with electromagnetic pollution, also known as electro-smog.

It’s a real eye-opener to find out what emits EMF pollution in the home. Our overview is a bit lengthy, so please be sure to read all the way to the end for some EMF Pollution Solutions. Here are some of the most common EMF sources.

• Home Wiring. EMFs enter through home wiring in two ways. First, the room where electricity enters the house (where the cable meets an outside wall) can be a source of high EMF pollution. There’s not much you can do about this. Even if the cable were buried, it still would enter the house through the electrical service junction on that wall. If this room is a utility or storage room, then exposure will be limited to the time spent in that room. However, if it enters through a bedroom or recreation room where you spend a lot of time, this can be a cause for concern. Second, the wiring grid of your home carries EMF fields through the walls into every room. Through a principle known as cyclotronic resonance, you are adversely affected by EMFs entering your body through proximity to household electrical wiring. Cyclotronic resonance states that if two lines of AC current come together in a square grid, as in the wiring of a home, energy can be transferred from the spinning electrons (charged particles) in the wiring into the spinning ions (electrolytes) in a person’s nervous system. This will happen if the frequencies are close enough. Our electrical grid is 60 Hz, which is close enough to our biological frequencies for resonance to be established. The human frequency is said to vibrate anywhere from 50 to 70 Hz, according to research. In addition to the EMF fields in the walls, every appliance plugged into your home’s electrical grid emits EMFs.
• Electric blankets and waterbeds. Electric blankets and waterbed heaters are a strong source of EMF pollution. An electric blanket literally wraps you in a cocoon of scattering EMFs. Waterbed heaters are electrical coils winding along the length and width of the waterbed mattress, bathing you in EMFs as you sleep. Since most of us spend up to one third of our lives sleeping, that amounts to huge amounts of time spent exposed to hazardous EMFs. If you must use either of these, let them warm up, and then unplug them before going to sleep. As long as they are plugged in, an electrical field is always present.
• Microwave ovens. Microwave ovens emit two types of radiation: EMFs and Extra Low Frequency (ELF) waves. Studies have linked ELFs to cellular dysfunction and brain effects, such as poor concentration, mood changes, irritability, and dementia. Another reason to avoid microwave ovens is Russian research that shows how microwave cooking can convert protein into carcinogenic substances.
• Computers. It’s not just computer monitors that can emit EMFs. The computer itself is a source of EMFs, which can spill through walls into adjoining rooms. Don’t be fooled by screens that claim to block EMFs from computer monitors. It would take a thick, lead shield to have any effect.
• Laptop computers. Laptops emit very strong EMFs. Laptop computers are not well shielded, and they can expose you to much higher EMFs than desktop models. Additionally, users of laptops are usually connected via wireless networks. These are additional sources of EMF pollution.
• Electric clocks. Electric clocks are often the worst offenders when it comes to EMF exposure. If you keep an electric clock right beside your bed, you are probably exposed to a field equivalent to a power line for six to eight hours every night. If you must use an electric clock, get one with a large readout, and keep it at least four feet from your bed.
• Telephones and answering machines. Phones can emit strong EMF fields from the handset. Portable phones and answering machines have that “wall wart” transformer, which is a source of strong EMFs. Keep these away from your bed.
• Electric razors and hair dryers. These emit high levels of EMFs. Fortunately, they are not a constant source of exposure (you don’t shave and dry your hair all day or all night long).
• Other sources include fluorescent light fixtures, refrigerators, electric heaters, and more. Every appliance that is plugged in to the wall current generates an EMF field.

Our EMF Pollution Solutions

The EarthCalm Scalar Home Protection System provides protection for everyone, anywhere in the home, including the garage and any other buildings on the same electrical meter.

With the EarthCalm Scalar Home Protection System, everything plugged into your home’s electrical system becomes grounded to the Earth’s Schumann Resonance frequency. Since you are in the home, your own biological frequencies become grounded to this healing, calming frequency. This is staggering in its implications. You are not only protected from harmful EMFs, but you are actually transforming your home environment into a sanctuary that promotes health and well-being!

There are two choices in EarthCalm home protection. The first is the EarthCalm Scalar Home Protection System. This is a three-step process that allows you to gradually acclimate to your new environment of calm. As each stage of the three-stage system is plugged in, many people initially feel a sense of calmness and often an alleviation of symptoms such as headaches, stress reactions, and chronic pain levels. This period of adaptation is followed by homeostasis (balance), as the higher level of calmness becomes a new way of being.

Electromotive force

In physics, electromotive force, or most commonly emf , or (occasionally) electromotance is "that which tends to cause current (actual electrons and ions) to flow."

More formally, emf is the external work expended per unit of charge to produce an electric potential difference across two open-circuited terminals. The electric potential difference is created by separating positive and negative charges, thereby generating an electric field. The created electrical potential difference drives current flow if a circuit is attached to the source of emf. When current flows, however, the voltage across the terminals of the source of emf is no longer the open-circuit value, due to voltage drops inside the device due to its internal resistance.

Devices that can provide emf include voltaic cells, thermoelectric devices, solar cells, electrical generators, transformers, and even Van de Graaff generators.

In the case of a battery, charge separation that gives rise to a voltage difference is accomplished by chemical reactions at the electrodes; a voltaic cell can be thought of as having a "charge pump" of atomic dimensions at each electrode, that is:

"A source of emf can be thought of as a kind of charge pump that acts to move positive charge from a point of low potential through its interior to a point of high potential. … By chemical, mechanical or other means, the source of emf performs work dW on that charge to move it to the high potential terminal. The emf ℰ of the source is defined as the work dW done per charge dq: ℰ = dW/dq."

The reactions at the electrode–electrolyte interfaces provide the "seat" of emf for the voltaic cell, that is, these reactions drive the current.In the open-circuit case, charge separation continues until the electrical field from the separated charges is sufficient to arrest the reactions.

In the case of an electrical generator, a time-varying magnetic field inside the generator creates an electric field via electromagnetic induction, which in turn creates an energy difference between generator terminals. Charge separation takes place within the generator, with electrons flowing away from one terminal and toward the other, until, in the open-circuit case, sufficient electric field builds up to make further movement unfavorable. Again the emf is countered by the electrical voltage due to charge separation. If a load is attached, this voltage can drive a current. The general principle governing the emf in such electrical machines is Faraday's law of induction.

A solar cell or photodiode is another source of emf, with light energy as the external power source.


Formal definitions of electromotive force

Inside a source of emf that is open-circuited, the conservative electrostatic field created by separation of charge exactly cancels the forces producing the emf. Thus, the emf has the same value but opposite sign as the integral of the electric field aligned with an internal path between two terminals A and B of a source of emf in open-circuit condition (the path is taken from the negative terminal to the positive terminal to yield a positive emf, indicating work done on the electrons moving in the circuit). Mathematically:

where E_cs is the conservative electrostatic field created by the charge separation associated with the emf, dℓ is an element of the path from terminal A to terminal B, and ‘·’ denotes the vector dot product . This equation applies only to locations A and B that are terminals, and does not apply to paths between points A and B with portions outside the source of emf. This equation involves the electrostatic electric field due to charge separation E_cs and does not involve (for example) any non-conservative component of electric field due to Faraday's law of induction.

In the case of a closed path in the presence of a varying magnetic field , the integral of the electric field around a closed loop may be nonzero; one common application of the concept of emf, known as "induced emf" is the voltage induced in a such a loop. The "induced emf" around a stationary closed path C is:

where now E is the entire electric field, conservative and non-conservative, and the integral is around an arbitrary but stationary closed curve C through which there is a varying magnetic field. Note that the electrostatic field does not contribute to the net emf around a circuit because the electrostatic portion of the electric field is conservative (that is, the work done against the field around a closed path is zero).

This definition can be extended to arbitrary sources of emf and moving paths C:

which is a conceptual equation mainly, because the determination of the "effective forces" is difficult.

Electrical Mechanics and Maths 9.2

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Troubleshooting and Repairing Electrical Circuits

Electricity travels in a circle. It moves along a "hot" wire toward a light or receptacle, supplies energy to the light or appliance, then returns along the neutral wire to the source. This complete path is a circuit. In house wiring, a circuit usually indicates a group of lights or receptacles connected along such a path.

To map your electrical circuits:
Inside your electrical panel, you may discover that an electrician or previous homeowner has installed notations or lists that tell which circuit breakers or fuses control particular circuits. If your panel doesn't contain a reference like this, it's a good idea to map your circuits so, when the need arises, you can quickly find the right circuit breakers or fuses to shut them off or reset them.

Though the following instructions refer to circuit breakers, the same techniques apply to panels that utilize fuses or other types of disconnect devices.

To keep a circuit record:
If each circuit breaker isn't already numbered inside the electric panel, number them.

Make a list that you can post on the inside of the door. Numbers should correspond to each circuit breaker. After each number, note which devices the breaker controls. For an even more thorough mapping, you can sketch a floor plan and make notes on it that identify the breaker numbers for each light and receptacle throughout the house. Another helpful tip: mark the back of switch and receptacle covers with the circuit breaker's number.

To trace your home's circuits:
This is something you should do in daylight with a helper. Be aware that all of your home's power will be off at times and, when you're done, you'll have to reset clocks, timers, and the like. A helpful hint: receptacles are usually on circuits separate from lighting; major appliances such as furnaces, microwaves, washing machines, electric dryers, and electric ovens often have dedicated circuits.

1) At the electrical panel, turn off all the circuit breakers.

2) Identify any large, double (240-volt) circuit breakers first. Flip one on. Determine which major electrical appliance(s) it supplies by turning on each electric appliance (don't forget equipment such as the furnace and pool pump) until you find the ones that work.

3) Repeat with other large circuit breakers and major appliances.
4) Have a helper plug a small lamp (or electrical device) into a standard room receptacle. (If you're alone, use a radio that's turned on.)
5) Turn breakers on and off until you reach the one that turns on the lamp. Leave that breaker on and have your helper plug the lamp into other nearby receptacles; note all the ones controlled by that breaker.
6) Room lights will go on during this process. Note the circuit breaker that controls each set of lights.
7) Repeat this process with other receptacles.
8) Continue until you've located and noted all receptacle and lighting circuits.

Home electrical circuits may have a number of problems:
* Faulty wiring within the house;
* Too many lamps or appliances on one circuit;
* Defective wall switches or receptacles;
* Defective cords or plugs;
* Defective circuits within appliances.

Short circuits happen when a hot wire touches a neutral or ground wire; the extra current flowing through the circuit causes the breaker to trip or fuse to blow.

How to Safely Test an Electrical Circuit

Whenever you work on an electrical circuit, it is very important to first make sure that the circuit is turned off--not just at the switch, but at the main panel or subpanel that controls the electrical circuit. Then, before working on the circuit, you must check the circuit or device to double-check that it is indeed off.

To safely test an electrical circuit use a circuit tester to ensure no electricity is flowing through. Holding the insulated parts of the probes, touch the bare metal end of the black probe to the grounding conductor or the grounded metal box, and then, while holding the probe there, touch the bare end of the other probe to the terminal or bare wire that is normally "hot" (live). This is typically a black or red wire or a white wire wrapped in black tape to designate that it is on the "hot" side of the circuit. If the circuit is live, the tester will light up (or otherwise signal the presence of electricity, depending on the kind of tester you are using).

Always hold the probes of the tester by the insulation around them. In the event that the right circuit was not turned off, or if the system shorted out, the wires in the circuit could still be hot. Touching wires with your fingers or any metal tool could cause a short circuit and very possibly give you a serious shock.

To test whether a receptacle is live or dead, you don't need to remove the device's faceplate. Simply insert the tester’s probes into the slots, as shown at right. If the tester lights up, the receptacle is still conducting electricity.